Te Whakamārama i te Mātāpono Mahi o te Mīhini Whakakore Kirihou

By Mike Chen, Kaiwhakahaere Whakaputa | 12+ Tau i roto i te Hanga Rapa |LinkedIn

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ka tangohia e te mīhini whakakore i te uira mā te whakatio ki te hauota wai kia pakarukaru rā anō, kātahi ka pakarukaru mā te huripokitia i roto i te roera hurihuri.
• Ka mahi te tukanga nā te mea he tere ake te whakamatao me te pakarukaru o te uira angiangi i te tinana matotoru o te wāhanga, nō reira ka pakaru te uira i te mea e ora tonu ana te wāhanga.
• E toru ngā tawhā e whakahaere ana i te hua: te pāmahana whakahaere (ki raro ki te −150°C), te tere o te roera (20–70 RPM), me te wā huringa (i raro i te 8 meneti).
• He mātāpono ā-tinana, kore-pā tēnei e tango ana i te uira tino kikokore me te kore he taputapu tapahi, koia te take e eke ai ki te reiti paahi neke atu i te 98% i ngā wāhanga tino tika.

Ko te whakautu poto: Ka tangohia e te mīhini whakakore i ngā mura me ngā pōro mā te whakamahi i te huringa o te whanonga rauemi i te pāmahana iti. Ka whakatiohia ngā wāhanga ki te hauota wai kia mārō, kia pakarukaru hoki te mura angiangi, kātahi ka hurihia ki roto i te roera hurihuri kia pakaru ai te mura mai i te wāhanga ngoikore tonu. He tukanga ā-tinana, kāore he pa: kāore he mata, kāore he mea whakakoi, kāore he kohi ā-ringa.

Ko te nuinga o ngā tikanga whakaoti he tapahi, he huri, he mirimiri rānei i te rauemi. He rerekē te mahi a te whakakorenga kiriuhi: ka whakarerekē i te rauemi tonu, ka māmā ake te pakaru o te uira kāore e hiahiatia i te hua e piri ana. Ko te kaupapa matua he rite ki te ahupūngao kaua ki te miihini, ā, koinei tonu te āhua.

E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu i te pūtaiao kei muri i te tukanga, e hikoi ana i roto i te huringa mīhini i ia taahiraa, e wehewehe ana i ngā wāhanga matua me ngā tawhā, ā, e whakamārama ana hoki he aha te pakaru o te uira i te wā e ora tonu ana te wāhanga. Mena kua whakaaro koe me pēhea te mīhini e taea ai te tango i te pakaru o tētahi wāhanga me te kore e pā ki te wāhanga, koinei te whakautu.

He aha te Whakakorenga Kirikiri?

Ko te whakakorenga kiripaka he tukanga whakaoti e tango ana i te mura, i ngā kohao, me te toenga o te rārangi wehewehe mai i ngā wāhanga kua whakarewaina mā te whakamatao i aua wāhanga ki te pāmahana kiripaka kia pakarukaru ai te rauemi angiangi, kātahi ka whakamahia te pānga miihini hei wawahi i taua mura pakarukaru.Ko te kupu "cryogenic" e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā pāmahana tino iti, e tukuna ana e te hauota wai.

He rerekē tēnei i te tangohanga ā-ringa, e whakamahi ana i te oko hurihuri me te mahi tapahi, huri rānei i ētahi wā, ko te tangohanga cryogenic e whakamahi ana i te makariri hei taputapu matua.Nā te mea kāore te tukanga e pēhi i te mata ki te wāhanga, ka tangohia te kanapa mai i ngā taipitopito angiangi, ngā taha o roto, me ngā āhua uaua e kore e taea e te taputapu tapahi te tae atu.Koia te take i noho ai hei paerewa mō ngā hiri tika, ngā wāhanga rererangi iti, me ngā wāhanga hiko moroiti.

Te Ahupūngao kei Muri i te Tukanga

Ko te tikanga katoa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhuatanga rauemi kotahi: te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe, Tg rānei.I runga ake i tōna Tg, he ngohengohe, he pīngore te rapa; i raro iho, ka mārō, ka karāhe, ka pakarukaru taua rauemi anō.He rerekē te nui o te Tg i runga i te matū—ka pakarukaru te rapa maori me te maha o ngā mea hangai i raro iho i te 0°C, ka noho ngāwari te silicone i ngā pāmahana makariri—engari e mau tonu ana te mātāpono mō ngā elastomers katoa.

Anei ngā māramatanga matua e whakatau ana i te whiriwhiri tika o te tukanga.He angiangi, he māmā hoki te uira, nō reira he iti noa te papatipu wera, ā, ka matao wawe tonu ki raro iho i tōna Tg ina pāngia e te hauota wai.He matotoru ake, he taumaha ake te tinana matua, nō reira he nui ake te wera e mau ana, ā, he roa ake te noho ki runga ake i tōna pūwāhi pakarukaru. I roto i te wā poto e noho ana ngā wāhanga i roto i te roera, ka pakarukaru te uira, engari ka mau tonu te ngāwari o te wāhanga kia ora ai i te pānga e whai ake nei.

Ko te hauota wai te pūtake tio nā te mea he tino makariri—ka whewhe i te −196°C pea—ā, he iti hoki te utu. Ka werohia e te mīhini hei peia te rūma roera ki raro ki tōna pāmahana whakahaere o te −150°C, he pāmahana iti rawa hei tere te mimiti i te uira, me te waiho i te matapihi tukanga a te kaiwhakahaere kia taea te whakahaere.

Te Mahi a te Mīhini, Hipanga i te Hipanga

He māmā noa te whakahaere i te huringa mīhini engari e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā tika me te pāmahana. Anei te raupapatanga o roto i te mīhini whakakore i ngā pakaru kiri noa:

1. Utaina te puranga.Ka utaina ngā wāhanga ki roto i te rūma roera, e pupuri ana i te 80 rita—tata ki te 15–20 kg o te hua, i runga i te mātotoru o ngā wāhanga.
2. Whakamataohia te rūma.Ka werohia te hauota wai hei whakaheke i te pāmahana o te roera ki tōna pūwāhi mahi −150°C. Mā te kaha whakamātao kua whakatauria he 1.1 kW ka āwhina i te pupuri i te pāmahana kia pumau i te wā o te huringa.
3. Whakawetohia te uira.Ka mātao te uira angiangi i tua atu i tōna pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe, ka huri hei mārō, hei pakarukaru, ko te tinana matotoru ia ka noho ngāwari tonu.
4. Hinga, pakarukaru.Ka huri te roera i te 20–70 RPM, ka takahuri i ngā wāhanga kia pā tetahi ki tetahi, me te pahu hoki. Ka tapahia e te kaha pā te uira pakarukaru i te rārangi wehe.
5. Puritia mō te wā huringa.E waru meneti te roa o te huringa katoa—he roa hei tango i te uira, he poto hoki hei ārai i te wāhanga kei whakamatao tae noa ki te wāhi e pakaru ai.
6. Wetekina, ka wehea.Ka tukuna ngā wāhanga kua memeha me ngā kongakonga uira pakaru, kātahi ka wehea mai i te hua kua oti.

Mātakitakina te mea kāore i te kitea: kāore he mata, kāore he mea whakakoi, ā, kāore he kaiwhakahaere e totoro atu ana ki te tukanga.Nā te mea ko ngā wāhanga tonu e takahuri ana ka pā te kaha tango, ka kutikutihia e te mīhini ngā mata katoa kia ōrite, tae atu ki ngā tapa o raro me ngā taha o roto.

Ngā Wāhanga Matua me ā Rātou Tūranga

Ka hono ia wāhanga o te mīhini whakakore i ngā pakaru ki tētahi taahiraa o te mātāpono. Mā te mārama ki ngā mahi ka māmā ake te whakatika me te whakatau raruraru i te tukanga.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga mai i temīhini whakakore hauota waiwhārangi hua.

Nā te iti o te tapuwae o te mīhini—tata ki te 1200 mm te roa, 2000 mm te whānui, 1200 mm te teitei, ā, 200 kg te taumaha—ko te tikanga ka uru te mīhini katoa ki tētahi kokonga iti o te rūma whakaoti.

He aha i pakaru ai te angiangi, ā, i ora tonu ai te wāhanga

Ko te whiriwhiringa o te whakakorenga kiripaka te take e whakawhirinakihia ai mō te mahi tino tika, ā, he mea tika kia māramahia ngā taipitopito nā te mea koinei te mea e ārai ana i te tukanga kei whakangaro noa i te wāhanga me te uira.

Ka haere te pakarukaru i roto i te rauemi i roto i te wā, ā, ka tae ngā wāhanga angiangi ki te āhua pakarukaru i mua i ngā wāhanga matotoru.Ko te uira, he iti noa iho te matotoru o te mirimita, ka whakamatao tonu i roto i tana Tg. Ko te tinana o te wāhanga, he maha ngā wā matotoru ake, ka puhoi ake te whakamatao mai i te mata ki roto. I roto i te huringa poto, ka pakaru katoa te uira, engari ko te uho o te wāhanga—me tōna mata mahi i ētahi wā—ka noho pūmau tonu hei mimiti i te pānga takahuri me te kore e pakaru.

Koia te take he mea nui te roa o te huringa.Ki te roa rawa te whakahaere i te huringa, ka whakamatao te wāhanga i raro iho i tōna Tg, ka pakarukaru, ā, i taua wā ka tīmata te pakaru o te hua i te takahurihuri e tango ana i te uira.Ki te poto rawa te whakahaere, kāore anō kia pakaru te rama, nō reira ka totoro, kāore e whati. Kua whakaritea te matapihi huringa i raro i te 8 meneti kia noho i waenganui i aua hapa e rua.

Ngā Tawhā Huringa me ā rātou Whakahaere

E toru ngā mata tirotiro—te pāmahana, te tere, me te wā—e whakatau ana mēnā ka tangohia ma te tukanga te uira, ka pakaru rānei ngā wāhanga. Whakatikahia ngātahi, kaua e takitahi.

Ko ngā tautuhinga tino pai ka whakawhirinaki ki te Tg matū, te matotoru o te wāhanga, me te āhua o te uira. He mahi mō ia hua te whakatikatika pai, ehara i te tatūnga kotahi noa.

Nā te mea he rerekē te pāmahana pakarukaru tuturu i runga i te matū, he rerekē te huinga tawhā pai mō te rapa maori, te NBR, te FKM, me te silicone.He ine paerewa te whanonga pakarukaru o te rapa—e whakaahua ana a ASTM D2137 me ISO 812 i ngā tikanga mō te whakatau i te pūwāhi pakarukaru o te matū rapa—he tohutoro whai hua tēnei ina whakatūria ana te matapihi pāmahana mō tētahi hua hou.

Ngā Rauemi e Hāngai Ana mō te Whakakorenga Cryogenic

Ka mahi te tukanga i ngā wāhi katoa e taea ai te hanga i te uira kia pakarukaru ake i te wāhanga.Koinei te tikanga whiriwhiri mō ngā wāhanga rapa me te kirihou tino tika, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā wāhanga whakarewa-maka mate.

Ko ngā whakamahinga noa ko ngā wāhanga rapa matatini, ngā wāhanga rererangi iti, ngā wāhanga rapa motuka, te rapa hangai tino tika, ngā wāhanga kirihou tino tika, ngā wāhanga hiko moroiti, ngā wāhanga hiko matatini, me te konutea, te konupora, te konumohe rānei, me ngā hiri tino tika. Mō ēnei wāhanga, ko te kaupapa kore-pa te kaupapa matua: ka tangohia te uira e kore e taea e te mata te tae atu, ā, ka waiho te mata kia kore e pāngia.

Mō ngā mahi mowhiti-O māmā ake, nui te rahi, mō te silicone rānei ina uaua ake te pakarukaru, tera pea he pai ake ētahi atu mātāpono.whānuitanga mīhini whakakore rapakei roto ko ngā momo mana miihini me te mana hau e karo katoa ana i te hauota wai.

Ngā Raru Noa me te Āhua o te Whakatika

He tukanga whakatikatika te whakakore i ngā āputa cryogenic. Ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru ka whakatauhia mā te whakarerekē i te pāmahana, te tere, te wā rānei—kaua mā te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga.

Whakamutunga: Te Whakakore i te Utauta mā te Pāmahana, Kaua mā te Utauta

He ātaahua te mātāpono mahi o te mīhini whakakore i ngā kongakonga kiriuhi i roto i tōna māmā noa: whakatiohia te uira kia pakarukaru rā anō, kātahi ka tukua kia pakaru atu i te wāhanga e kore e memeha. Kāore he mata, kāore he mea whakakoi, kāore he ringa. Ka mahia e te ahupūngao te mea kāore e taea e te taputapu tapahi—te toro atu ki ngā taipitopito me ngā taha o roto, me te tango i te uira kia ōrite, me te kore e pā ki te mata.

He whiriwhiri te tukanga nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te papatipu wera: ka pakarukaru te uira angiangi i mua i te pakarukaru o te wāhanga matotoru, ā, mā te matapihi huringa poto ka noho haumaru te wāhanga. Ko te pāmahana, te tere o te roera, me te wā huringa ngā rīpene e toru e pupuri ana i te tukanga ki roto i taua matapihi.

Mō ngā wāhanga rapa tino tika, kirihou, me ngā wāhanga whakarewa-mate, koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakaotinga e kuti ana i te hua me te whakaotinga e kuti ana i te uira. Kia mārama koe ki te kaupapa, ka mutu te āhua o te mīhini me te mea he pouaka matao, ka tīmata te āhua me te mea he tukanga ā-tinana e whakahaeretia ana, e taea ana te tukurua—he tukanga ka taea e koe te whakarite, te ine, me te whakawhirinaki.